prashanth venka...'s profileprashanth venkataswamy ...PhotosBlogListsMore Tools Help

Blog


    October 28

    Man

     

     

    MAN has capabilities beyond limitation zone that is infinitely unlimited one!!!

    October 21

    Pure Water just one tabel spoon of that powder of P&G

    PUR WATER PURIFIER
    Innovator: Greg Allgood
    Safe Water Equation: smart chemistry + low manufacturing costs + vision = clean water for millions in the developing world and here at home



    Even in the United States, people can’t always count on clean, safe water gushing out of the faucet. After disasters such as Hurricane Katrina, treatment systems can go down for days or even weeks. Thanks to a team led by Greg Allgood, a Procter & Gamble public-health specialist, Americans now have a ready alternative to stockpiling water or boiling it. It’s an inexpensive powder called PUR that is already saving lives in developing countries, where about 1.6 million children die each year from diarrheal diseases.

    Procter & Gamble chemists developed the product with cooperation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The goal was to improve on chlorine water treatment, which kills bacteria and viruses but not parasites such as cryptosporidium and giardia and does nothing to make muddy water look cleaner. The scientists managed to squeeze the multistep process used in large water-treatment plants into a packet of powder that costs pennies to produce. The mixture includes flocculants, which cause suspended solids, heavy metals and parasites to clump together. The resulting “floc” can then be filtered out with a cotton cloth. Time-released chlorine kills bacteria and viruses. Within 30 minutes, about a teaspoon of the powder can treat 2.5 gal. of water. “The visual improvement is dramatic,” says Eric Mintz, chief of the CDC’s diarrheal diseases and epidemiology section.

    After struggling to make a profit from the powder, P&G planned to stop production. Allgood convinced executives to set up a nonprofit unit for the product instead. Today, he directs the Children’s Safe Drinking Water program, which has helped purify more than a billion liters of water in 40-plus countries, with the help of partners such as UNICEF and the World Health Organization. During a visit to Popular Mechanics last winter, Allgood converted a jar of murky liquid containing fecal matter into clear, potable water. (Yes, the editors drank it—after Allgood went first.) “It’s a tragedy that 4000 children die every day while waiting for multi-million-dollar water-treatment plants to be built,” Allgood says. “With our powder, they get the same quality water, but they can have it now.” As of this year, so can North American backpackers, homeowners and emergency responders.

    Energy Made Easy!!!

    STIRLING ENERGY SYSTEMS SUNCATCHER
    Innovators: Chuck Andraka, Bruce Osborn
    Solar Equation: heat from the sun + 82 mirrors + an efficient engine that burns no fuel + meticulous engineering = record-breaking solar power


    Solar power has represented the future for so long, it’s startling to find out that it’s finally here—at a scale big enough to matter. Two installations in Southern California will soon start generating a combined 1750 megawatts, enough to power more than a million homes. The plants won’t use photovoltaic cells. Instead, giant mirrored dishes will focus the sun’s heat onto a Stirling engine—a system in which hydrogen, expanding as it is heated and contracting as it is cooled, drives a set of pistons. The engine powers a generator. “It’s cost, cost, cost,” says Bruce Osborn, CEO of Stirling Energy Systems, which is producing the equipment. “You’ve got to compete with conventional power.”

    It’s also passion, passion, passion. Osborn has tinkered with the technology since his days as a newly minted engineer at Ford Motor Co. in the 1970s. To hone the system, he tapped engineers from Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, led by Chuck Andraka—who also has worked on solar Stirling systems for decades. The partners cooperated on a six-dish prototype plant, fiddling in search of an efficiency sweet spot. They found it. On Jan. 31, 2008, the team broke a 24-year-old record, achieving a conversion rate of 31.25 percent (85.6 kilowatts of thermal energy yield 26.75 kw of electricity for the grid). The new facilities will more than double the amount of commercial solar electric power generated in the United States.

    ‘Wow, why didn’t someone think of this before?’”

    JOHNSON THERMO-ELECTROCHEMICAL CONVERTER SYSTEM
    Innovator: Lonnie Johnson, Johnson ElectroMechanical Systems
    Energy Equation: heat from the sun + hydrogen forced through two sets of membranes = a revolutionary way to generate electricity


    In 1968, when he was a high school student in Mobile, Ala., Lonnie Johnson built a robot. One challenge was figuring out how to power the limbs. He ended up using a combination of batteries and a pneumatic system that he rigged from jukebox parts and a barbecue-grill tank that he filled with compressed air.

    The experience would come in handy later. Johnson became a nuclear engineer and spent several years working at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory on projects including the Galileo and Cassini deep-space probes. In his spare time, he extended the ideas he’d developed when building his science-fair robot to work on an eco-friendly refrigeration system that would substitute water for Freon. The technology quickly paid off—in a novel fashion. He used it to engineer the high-powered Super Soaker water gun that has become his best-known invention.

    Now Johnson, who holds more than 100 patents, is incorporating his refrigeration experience into a new device that uses heat to generate electricity. The Johnson Thermo-Electrochemical Converter System, or JTEC, has no moving parts. “It uses temperature differences to create pressure gradients,” says Paul Werbos, program director at the National Science Foundation, which has provided funding for JTEC. “Instead of using those pressure gradients to move an axle or wheel, he’s using them to force ions through a membrane. It’s a totally new way of generating electricity from heat.”

    In the JTEC, hydrogen circulates between two fuel cell–like membrane-electrode assemblies. Unlike a fuel cell, however, the JTEC is a closed system—it doesn’t need new supplies of hydrogen. One assembly is coupled to a heat source (such as concentrated sunlight), and the other to a heat sink (ambient air).

    Once the cycle is started by an electrical jolt, the unit starts producing a current. Heat in, electricity out. Johnson’s concept may take years to commercialize—but it has the potential to convert heat to electricity at double the efficiency of today’s best technology. The JTEC “could have widespread impact,” says Karl Littau, a materials chemist at the Palo Alto Research Center. “You look at it and say, ‘Wow, why didn’t someone think of this before?’”

    October 20

    Moon - Chandamama

    One Small Step Only
    Recently I’ve been interested in the South Pole-Aitken basin, the largest hole in the solar system. No, it isn’t on Earth, it’s on the moon. I plan to set the climax of Antisense (which by the way is the new title of Flip!) on the moon in the South Pole Aitken Region. So I was very excited to learn that Chandrayaan I, India’s first unmanned mission to the moon, is especially going to map this region and look at its mineral composition. I’m hoping they find large deposits of ilmenite, a titanium ore, because my denouement is going to be set in an abandoned ilmenite mine. Ilmenite is primarily iron, oxygen and titanium, so it can be split to generate oxygen for use on the moon as well as titanium dioxide for further refinement or export to earth. The Artemis Project is working on this.
     
    From time immemorial, the moon been the reason of intense curiosity to mankind. And in the urge to study and learn more about this ever illusive object in the sky, innumerable lunar exploratory missions have been conducted over the past decades. As part and parcel of these missions various sophisticated equipments were used that were able to provide space astronauts with the necessary conditions to survive the journey to the moon and back.
    Today, many of these apparels and techniques are being used in various other fields, contributing in terms of space suits for people with multiple sclerosis, to killing bacteria, viruses in community water supply systems.
    So, here are some of the technical contributions of lunar missions.
    # Cool suits, which kept Apollo astronauts comfortable during moon walks, are today worn by race car drivers, nuclear reactor technicians, shipyard workers, people with multiple sclerosis and kids with a congenital disorder known as hypohidrotic ectodermal displasia.
    # Special kidney dialysis machines were developed as a result of a NASA developed chemical process that could remove toxic waste from used dialysis fluid.
    # A cardiovascular conditioner developed for astronauts in space led to the development of a physical therapy and athletic development machine used by football teams, sports clinics and medical rehabilitation centers.
    # Athletic shoe design and manufacture also benefited from Apollo. Space suit technology is incorporated into a shoe's external shell. A stress-free "blow molding" process adapted from NASA space suit design is also used in the shoe's manufacture.
    # Insulation barriers made of aluminum foil laid over a core of propylene or mylar, which protected astronauts and their spacecraft's delicate instruments from radiation, is used to protect cars and trucks and dampen engine and exhaust noise.
    # Vacuum metallizing techniques led to an extensive line of commercial products, from insulated outer garments to packaging for foods, from wall coverings to window shades, from life rafts to candy wrappings and from reflective blankets to photographic reflectors.
    # Water purification technology used on the Apollo spacecraft is now employed in several spin-off applications to kill bacteria, viruses and algae in community water supply systems and cooling towers. Filters mounted on faucets can reduce lead in water supplies.
    # A process for bonding dry lubricant to space metals led to the development of surface enhancement coatings, or synergistic coatings, which are used in applications from pizza making to laser manufacture. Each coating is designed to protect a specific metal group or group of metals to solve problems encountered under operating conditions, such as resistance to corrosion and wear.
    prashanth venkataswamy
    October 16

    Ternary Logic

    Binary 0 and 1...

     

    Ternary is 0 1 and -1

     

    For binary here zero means no, 1 means yes

     

    For ternary zero means constant or may be or may not be, 1 is yes, -1 is no.

     

    The human is thinking on ternary logic plus other four more logic. (Around 7 of them logic is working in our mind brain and spiritual)

     

    If we able to built ternary logic computer or machines and robotic then they will dominate our civilizations...

     

    This ternary works on n>2 with possible 4 billions possible combinations...that means they can attain or control and dominating in their artificial intelligent.

     

    Where as binary is only within quarter half billions possible combination.

    So that they limit...it is good for us to control over them.

     

    I think so...

     

    what u say on this?

    October 15

    Amazing!!!!

    I can't belive these....
     
     
    please go to this link
     
     

    oh god

    Egyptologists claim that the Great Pyramid was constructed circa 2500 BCE. In
    order to validate the claim of Edgar Cayce that the pyramid actually dates from
    10,500 BCE, the Cayce Foundation commissioned the Radio Carbon Dating Laboratory
    at Southern Methodist University to determine the construction date, using mortar
    samples taken from the Great Pyramid (the samples contained charcoal fragments
    from the cooking fires of the construction workers, thus enabling carbon dating to be
    used). For accuracy, the samples which were calibrated by means of the tree ring
    procedure, revealed a construction date for the Great Pyramid of 3000 BCE, i.e. prior
    to the period of the pharaohs but during the Egyptian sojourn of the Shemsu Hor.

    Read it please

    Discovering Anti-Gravity

     

    v     If you stop for a moment and observe a seed growing, a flower opening out, you will know that life some how is anti-gravitational

     

    v     The second Law of thermodynamic applied to living system and material system speaks this opposition

     

    v     This means that when the material world tends to gravitational collapse, the life tends the opposite way balancing the whole system.

     

    v     Most important observation is that nature and the universe it self is designed as living system with anti-gravity being the foundation force and gravity being the secondary force. This is depicted in the quantum design of earth

    October 14

    Divide by Zero!!!!vanishing act

    This is in fact very easy when you think of the linguistics of the idea instead of mathematics. This is why I won't be using any equations, inequalities, or anything like that in my arguement. Existing maths don't allow dividing by 0, so of course any mathematical representation wouldn't work.

    Here's the thing: Division of x/y is taking x and putting it into y parts. 8/2 is taking 8 (lets say apples) and putting them into 2 groups. We've all done this as kids:

    @ @ @     
    @ @ @    
    @ @
    

    Those are our apples. If we put those into two groups, we have this:

    @ @      @ @
    @ @      @ @
    

    Each group has four apples. 8/2=4 (ok, maybe I lied about no equations).

    Now, if we do 8/0, we specify no groups. If there are no groups of apples, of course you have no apples! If we were to say "parts" instead of "groups," you could look at the saying "I'll have no part in this."

    here we mentioned as no apples means vanishing act or magic act or disapperance...!!!if we divide any object wusing zero it will be disapper as like real magic!!! this concept works in matrix world.

    by prashanth venkataswamy

    If this person is having no part in this:

    "this" / "no part" (just go along with me)

    Then they are not involved with "this" at all. There is no "this" in the person's life. Saying that a person will have no part in something does not mean that this person will have an undefined part in said activity!

    Maths!!!

    Hard though you might think math, there is a part of your brain that has no problem doing highly complex differential calculus almost instantaneously. Now before you ask me what I'm on, let me elaborate a bit. Consider a common physics problem: A projectile is launched at a given velocity -- assuming no friction, calculate it's path. Some of us may find that question difficult, some may not. Now let's add in air friction. The question suddenly becomes more complicated. Add in a wind blowing at a given speed in a given direction and the complexity becomes magnified again.

    Now, have someone throw a ball at you outside in the wind. Do you have any problems catching it? For most people the answer would be no. True, we may not be given precise information, and we may not be able to say how long the ball will stay in the air, when it reaches it's maximum height, or how fast it's going -- but we can catch it. We can quickly calculate the path it will take and react in order to catch the ball. It may not be the kind of math we normally think of, but it is math nonetheless. Math that functions so quickly and elegantly that we can instantly recieve the pertinent information.

    Some math is easy for everyone. The areas of specialty simply differ.

    by Andukar from everthing2.com

    October 07

    Go Veg!!!


    A Variety of Dahl Preparations

    Dahl is a great addition to any meal and is a great source of protein.

    Tomato Dahl  Dahl Soup    Channa Dahl   Chard Dahl   Hot Spicy Dahl    Mung Dahl

     


    Tomato Dahl

    3 tomatoes, cut into big pieces
    1 cup split gram (tuwar dahl)
    1 tsp. cumin seeds
    1 tsp. mustard seeds
    1 tsp. turmeric
    3 green chilies
    2 red chilies
    2 tbs. oil
    Salt to taste
    1 tsp. red chili powder
    Some Basil leaves

    How to Prepare and Cook it

    Wash the split gram well and add 3 cups of water.
    To this, add chopped tomatoes, green chilies, turmeric, salt, chili powder and pressure cook for 30 minutes.
    When the split gram gets cooked, remove from heat and transfer to a serving dish.
    Heat oil in a pan, fry the mustard seeds, cumin seeds, curry leaves, red chilies and add to the Dahl when it splutters.
    Serve with rice or chapatis.

    Spinach Dahl can also be prepared by the same procedure by keeping spinach instead of tomatoes
     



     

    Dahl Soup

    3 tb Yellow split peas
    3 tb Mung beans
    3 tb Basmati rice
    2 tb Ghee
    1/2 ts Turmeric
    1/8 ts Asafetida
    1/2 sm. Seeded green chili
    1 ea. 1/2" piece of ginger root
    2 ea. Medium sized carrots, sliced
    1/2 sm. Cauliflower, in florets
    6 ea. Red radishes
    5 1/4 c Vegetable Stock
    1 tb Cumin
    1 tb Coriander
    1 ts Garam masala
    1/2 ts Black pepper
    1 ts Salt
    2 tb Minced coriander

    Soak the split peas in hot water for 1 hour & drain. Wash the Mung beans well & pick out any loose stones & sticks, etc. Combine rice, legumes, ghee, turmeric, asafetida, chili, ginger root, vegetables & stock in large pot. Cook for about one hour. Blend the vegetables at high speed to make a very creamy & smooth soup & return to the pot.
    Sprinkle in the ground coriander, cumin & garam masala. Heat till almost boiling & simmer gently for 2 to 3 minutes, stirring to prevent burning. Add the black pepper, salt & minced coriander & serve.
     



     

    Channa Dahl

    Channa dal with tomato

    l/3 cup channa beans
    4 cups water
    salt to taste
    l small tomato
    l/2 teaspoon tumeric
    l/2 cerrano, seeded and finely chopped
    pinch hing

    Wash channa beans.  Cover with water.  Let sit overnight.  Bring to a boil.  Skim off foam.  Add tomato, salt and tumeric.  Cover.  Cook at a medium flame until the beans start breaking down(about 45 minutes).  While dal is cooking, heat l tablespoon ghee.  Add  chillies and hing.  Cook briefly.  Add to dal.
     
     


     
    Swiss Chard Dahl

    2 lbs  Swiss chard
    1/2 teaspoon cumin
    1/4 teaspoon turmeric
    1 teaspoon coriander
    1 fresh red Chili
    1 teaspoon ground black pepper
    1 cup red lentils, soaked for half an hour beforehand
    1/2 cup water
    1 tablespoon Ghee
    3  peeled tomatoes
    sufficient salt to taste
    sufficient tomato puree to thicken

    Chop  the  stems  off the swish chard. Cut them up into 1/4 inch pieces. In
    a  large  frying pan boil them with a little water. Add the chopped chili.
    After  five  minutes add  the  black  pepper,  cumin, turmeric, and coriander.
    Simmer with a lid on  for  ten  minutes.  Add  the rest of the swiss chard,
    chopped coarsley,and  the  stock  and water. Now add the red lentils.
    Simmer for a couple of minutes  more.  Add  the  tomatoes,  leave  to  simmer for about 10
    minutes.  The  lentils  should  be  soft  but  still intact. Add the tomato puree  and  salt  to  taste.
    Simmer for another couple of minutes till the the Dahl has thickened.
     


    A Hot Spicy Dahl

    1 cup red lentils
    2 tablespoons ginger root, minced
    1 teaspoon mustard seed
    2 tablespoons chopped fresh cilantro
    4 tomatoes, chopped
    3 jalapeno peppers, seeded and minced
    1 tablespoon ground cumin
    1 tablespoon ground coriander seed
     2 tablespoons olive oil
    1 cup water
     salt to taste

    Cook the lentils by boiling or pressure cooking until lentils are soft. (Pressure cooking is faster.)
    In a skillet heat the oil and add mustard seeds. When mustard seeds begin to flutter, add , ginger, jalapeno and peppers.  Add coriander and cumin. Add chopped tomatoes. Sauté the mixture well until tomatoes are well cooked.
    Add water. Boil 6 minutes. Add cooked lentils, stirring well. Add salt to taste, stirring well. Add finely chopped cilantro and remove from heat. Serve hot.
     



     

    Mung Dahl

    Mung Beans are cooling; have a sweet flavor; detoxifies the body-especially heart and vascular system; good for the liver and gall bladder; diuretic; reduces swelling.

    Whole Mung Beans 1 cup
    Water 5 cups
    Unrefined Sesame Oil 1TBS
    Ground Coriander 2 tsp.
    Ground Cumin 2 tsp.
    Ground Turmeric 1 tsp.
    Parsley - chopped 2 TBS.
     

    Wash beans well. Place in saucepan with fresh water and bring to boil for 5 minutes.  Cover and simmer for 20-30 minutes (until well cooked). Heat oil in pan and fry seasonings until brown for about 30 seconds. Place cooked beans and fried seasonings into a food processor to puree until smooth. Return mixture to saucepan and cook for a few minutes more to blend flavors. Add parsley before serving.
     

    Glossary of spices, rare items and conversion table

    Bay leaves- dry leaves are available. They impart a strong taste. They are used sparingly. They go well in rice dishes.

    Cardamon- available in pod, seed or powder. Popular in sweets and chutneys.

    Cayenne pepper-made from sun-dried red chillies with few seeds and thin skins. Used in pakoras, chutneys, etc. Also can be used to treat colds and sinus problems.

    Cerranos- a variety of green chilli. It is long and thin. We have suggested removing the seeds in order to make the preparations less hot. Used with ginger, cumin seeds and hing in soups and vegetable prepations.

    Channa dal- related to chick-peas. They are split and husked. Makes a hearty soup. Available at Indian stores.

    Cinnamon- can be used whole or as a powder. It is used in spicy rice preparations, and in sweet chutneys such as apple chutney.

    Cloves- a powerful spice. Should be used sparingly. Used with cinnamon in rice and chutney.

    Coriander leaves- a popular herb all over the world. The leaves can be used as a garnish or an ingredient in chutney.

    Cumin- more often used as a seed than a powder. Cumin seeds are often combined with other spices such as hing, ginger and chillie. They are stir-fried with ghee and then added to soups and vegetable preparations.

    Curry leaves- are sweet neem leaves. They are available in Indian stores.They are always available dry and sometimes available fresh. They are much better fresh. Used to impart an exotic taste in rice and chutney.

    Ghee- clarified butter.   Can be purchased at health food stores and Indian
    stores. Or can be made at home by boiling unsalted butter and removing the impurities till the liquid is clear.

    Hing- also known as asafoetida. It is a dried gum resin. When ground into powder, it releases a strong, sulphur-like odor. Available at Indian stores. Usually cut with flour to cut the strong flavor. Has a taste similar to garlic. Often used in soups and vegetable preparations.

    Ginger root- known for its’ sharp and invigorating taste , digestive properties and cleansing effects on the body. Along with chilli, it adds a hot taste to soups, vegetable preparations and chutneys.

    Moong dal- the green whole mung dal can be purchased at health food stores.

    Yellow split mung dal can be purchased at Indian stores. It is very popular in soups. It has a delicate flavor. It goes with many supporting ingredients. It is also very popular in kittri.

    Mustard seeds- often sauteed with ghee till they pop. They are used in raitas (salads), some soups and chutneys. Too much mustard seeds can cause digestive problems

    Pepper, black- the world’s most popular spice. They are better when the peppercorns are freshly ground. It is a warming spice that stimulated the digestion. Used in spicy rice preparations.

    Saffron-it is the stigma from a flower. It is expensive. 250,000 flowers must be harvested to collect only one pound of saffron. It has a delicate,pungent sweet taste. It is popular in sweets such as sandesh and in spicy rice preparations.

    Sesame seeds- seed of the sesame plant. The white seeds are favorable to the dark seeds. When roasted, they impart a nutty taste and aroma. Popular in sweets and spicy rice preparations.

    Tamarind- pulp obtained from the hanging pods of the tamarind tree. Can be purchased at an Indian store as tamarind pulp and tamarind concentrate. Adds a subtle sour flavor to soups, vegetable preparations, rice and chutneys.

    Toovar dal- a split lentil known as pigeon peas. It is very popular in India. It is used to make sambar, a hot spicy soup mixed with vegetables.

    Tumeric- an underground rhizome. Used to put an attractive yellow color and a mellow sour taste in preparations. Used widely in soups and vegetable preparations. It is also known for its’ health-giving properties: internally as a blood purifier and externally as a poultice.

    Urad dal- black gram that is split and hulled. It makes a hearty soup. The soup is good plain. And it also goes well with toamtoes and mint cooked with it. It is also used to make three popular savories- baras(fried cakes), idli (steamed dumplings), and dosa(pancakes).

    Weight Conversion

    From Grams to ounces:

    Multiply by 0.03527

    1 gram equals 0.035 ounce

    2 gram equals 0.07 ounce

    3 gram equals .105 ounce

    4 gram equals .141 ounce

    5 gram equals .176 ounce

    Ounces to pounds:

    1 ounce equals 0.0625 pounds

    2 ounce equals .125 pounds

    3 ounce equals .1875 pounds

    4 ounce equals .25 pounds

    5 ounce equals .3125 pounds

    6 ounce equals .375 pounds

    7 ounce equals .4375 pounds

    8 ounce equals .5 pounds

    Kilograms kilogram to pound:

    multiply by 2.2046

    1 kilogram equals 2.2 pounds

    2 kilogram equals 4.4 pounds

    Do the math !!!

     

    Maha Yuga--Is It We were space travellers?

    Puranic Time Measurements "Explained".

     
    The Puranas describe a number of time cycles within cycles. Discussions of these cycles can become confusing because different cycles are measured in different types of units. For example, the cycles are often described in units of deva years
    ( years in the higher planets ), each of which equals 360 human years.

    The following description starts with the smaller cycles and works up to the larger ones. The length of each cycle is given in ordinary human (earth) years, as well other units where appropriate. Large numbers are described using the conventions of American English: thus, a million is a thousand thousand, a billion is a thousand million, a trillion is a thousand billion.

     
    Maha Yugas
    The smallest cycle is called a maha yuga. A maha yuga is 4,320,000 human years. Each maha yuga is subdivided into the following four ages, whose lengths follow a ratio of 4:3:2:1:
    Satya Yuga (also called Krita Yuga)
    This first age is 1,728,000 human years. Also known as the Golden Age or age of Truth. The qualities of this age are: virtue reigns supreme; human stature is 21 cubits; lifespan is a lakh of years, and death occurs only when willed.
    Treta Yuga
    This second age is 1,296,000 human years. Also known as the Silver Age. The qualities of this age are: the climate is three quarters virtue and one quarter sin; human stature is 14 cubits; lifespan is 10,000 years.
    Dvapara Yuga
    This third age is 864,000 human years. Also known as the Bronze Age. The qualities of this age are: the climate is one half virtue and one half sin; lifespan is 1,000 years.
    Kali Yuga
    The fourth and last age is 432,000 human years. Also known as the Iron Age. This is the age in which we are presently living. The qualities of this age are: the climate is one quarter virtue and three quarters sin; human stature is 3.5 cubits; lifespan is 100 or 120 years.
     

    Brahma Days (Kalpas)

    A kalpa is a single daytime period in the life of Brahma, the creator god. Two kalpas are a day and a night of Brahma.

    Each kalpa is composed of 1,000 maha yugas. A kalpa is thus equal to 4.32 billion human years.

    At the end of Brahma's daytime period, the Three Worlds (Bhuloka, Bhuvarloka, Swarloka) and the seven underworlds (of the nagas) are temporarily dissolved (pralaya); that is, the same souls will be reincarnated when the next day of Brahma begins.

    The Vishnu Purana states that at the end of the daytime period of Brahma, a dreadful drought occurs that lasts 100 years, and all the waters are dried up. The sun changes into seven suns, and the three worlds (Bhurloka or Earth, Bhuvarloka or the lowest heaven, and Svarloka or the next higher heaven) and the underworlds are burned bare of life. The inhabitants of Bhuvarloka and Svarkloka flee to the next higher heaven, Maharloka, to escape the heat; and then to the next higher heaven, Janaloka.

    Then mighty clouds form and the three worlds are completely flooded with water. The lord Vishnu reposes on the waters in meditative rest for another whole kalpa (4.32 billion years) before renewing the creation.

    The destruction that takes place at the end of a daytime of Brahma is referred to as naimittika, which is incidental or occasional. The characteristic of this destruction is that the three worlds continue to exist but are made uninhabitable. The souls of individuals also continue to exist to be reincarnated in the next daytime of Brahma.

    Brahma Years

    A year of Brahma is composed of 360 day/night cycles of Brahma, or 720 kalpas, or 8.64 billion human years.

    Brahma Life

    The lifespan of Brahma is 100 Brahma years, or 72,000 kalpas, or 311.04 trillion human years.

    At the end of the life of Brahma, all worlds are completely dissolved (mahapralaya).

    Manvantaras

    Another cycle that overlaps the others is that of manvantaras. Each kalpa is reigned over by a succession of 14 Manus, and the reign of each Manu is called a manvantara. A single manvantara is approximately 71 maha yugas.

    Each Manvantara is followed by a Deluge, which destroys the existings continents and swallows up all living beings, except the few who are preserved for the repeopling of the earth."

    Our Position

    We are located in the fifty-first Brahma year of the life of our Brahma.

    Within that Brahma year, we are in the first Brahma day, called the Varaha kalpa.

    Within that Brahma day, we are in the seventh manvantara, and in the 28th maha yuga of that manvantara. This would place us at about the 454th maha yuga of the 1,000 maha yugas that comprise this day of Brahma.

    Within this maha yuga, we are in Kali Yuga. The 5100th year of Kali Yuga will correspond to the year 2,000 A.D. That means that we are fairly early in Kali Yuga and this age will continue 426,000 more years.

    Grandappa

    An open letter from Grandpa

    LATELY, I have been thinking a lot about the Lehman crisis . Spending money that they didn't have and going beyond their means is one of the main reasons for their situation today. In fact that is the cause for the current economic crisis in the US.
    When I see all this happening, I can only remember the good old days. Then, karz was bad. People looked down upon those who took loans. Parents would not give their daughter's hand in marriage to a man with loans.
    But of course, the times have changed now. Everyone I know has a loan. The buzz word is EMI (equated monthly installment). Today, you can buy everything on EMI - a house, a television, an i-Pod. In fact I know of someone who just bought a fancy BMW 3 series on EMI, instead of buying a cheaper car outright with cash. I mostly prefer to take public transport, but then I am an old man with old thoughts!
    Anyway, coming back to what caused the crisis. Imagine having Rs 2 lakh in your bank account, no regular income, yet buying a house worth Rs 65 lakh, in the hope of selling it for a higher price. Even if the price of the house fell by just 5 per cent (that is Rs 3 lakh), you will go bankrupt. This is what Lehman Brothers did; with around USD 20 billion they went and bought assets worth over USD 600 billion. Isn't it suicidal and simply foolish?
    I am sure things would have been different, had I been the head of Lehman brothers. But who wants an old conservative man like me to head a complex financial institution.

    But there are a few lessons that we can learn:

    1. Live a balanced life and avoid overspending.

    Tip: As soon as you get your monthly salary, set aside a fixed amount, usually 35 per cent, for insurance, savings and investments. You can then spend the rest.

    2. Not all loans are bad. Loans that are 'need based' (home loans, education loans) can always find a place in your finances against those that are largely 'want based' (personal loans, car loans).

    3. Borrow only if repayment is financially comfortable.
    A thumb rule: Keep EMIs within 30 per cent of your monthly income

    In that respect, there is one American who I really respect – Warren Buffet. He has lived in the same ordinary house for over three decades, drives his own medium sized car and leads an extremely regular 'middle class' life. If that's all it takes for the richest person on earth to be happy, why do all of us need to take extra stress just so that we can get things which aren't even essential?

    India still has a lot of growth ahead and the future holds immense opportunities for us. Let us make the most of it and save

    wow

    Transported 7 million tons of earth soil to Mars? is it?

    NASA is slowly uncovering signs that soil on Mars may contain microbial life. It is just a matter of time that we get to know first extraterrestrial life forms in Mars that can survive harshest of the environments.

    Scientists also estimate that close to 7 million tons of earth soil is sitting on Mars. The biggest question is who transported it? The way earth’s soil is distributed in Mars makes an evolutionary biologist nick up again and again.

    Who transported such massive amount of earth soil to mars?

    There is some theory that earth’s volcanoes billions of years back move these soil. Mars is that close to earth. If Moon did not get it, how can Mars get it?

    The answer lies in lost ancient civilizations in the earth that were many times more sophisticated than that of ours. It had an extraterrestrial origin which brought Type III level sophistication in technologies.

    Millions of years back the extraterrestrial civilization that reigned the earth created a super highway between earth and Mars through the moon. As earth deteriorated in living conditions, shifting of colonies took place. Eventually when conditions in Mars also deteriorated, they left to other solar systems. They left microbial life forms (their genetically manipulated so call ‘life’) of seed that will blossom into intelligent life one day if and when earth becomes more livable. We are the result of those genetic seeds. What we are finding in Mars is the same genetic seeds that created ‘life’ including us. If and when Mars become livable again, the microbial genetic seeds will eventually allow evolution of intelligent life forms.